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The Assured Clear Distance Ahead (ACDA) is the distance ahead of a vehicle or craft which can be seen to be clear of hazards by the driver, within which they should be able to bring the vehicle to a halt.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Liability of Motorboat Owners and Operators for Injury or Damage )〕 It is one of the most fundamental principles governing ordinary care and the duty of care and is frequently used to determine if a driver is in proper control and is a nearly universally implicit consideration in vehicular accident liability.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Assured Clear Distance Ahead--Law & Legal Definition )〕 This distance is typically both determined and constrained by the proximate edge of clear visibility, but it may be attenuated to a margin of which beyond hazards may reasonably be expected to spontaneously appear. It is a spatial component to the common law basic speed rule. The two-second rule may be the limiting factor governing the ACDA, when the speed of forward traffic is what limits the basic safe speed, and a primary hazard of collision could result from following any closer. ==ACDA as common law rule or statute== "At common law a motorist is required to regulate his speed so that he can stop within the range of his vision. In numerous jurisdictions, this rule has been incorporated in statutes which typically require that no person shall drive any motor vehicle in and upon any public road or highway at a greater speed than will permit him to bring it to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead."〔 Decisional law usually settles the circumstances by which a portion of the roadway is assuredly clear without it being mentioned in statute.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=O’Farrell v. Inzeo, 74 A.D.2d 806 (1st Dept. 1980) )〕 California is a state where the judiciary has established the state's ACDA law.〔 See (California Official Reports: Online Opinions ) 〕〔 See (California Official Reports: Online Opinions )〕〔 See (California Official Reports: Online Opinions )〕〔 Driver traveling at 35 MPH when rain limited visibility to 25 feet held negligent when 65 feet were required to stop car on wet road. See (California Official Reports: Online Opinions )〕〔 See (California Official Reports: Online Opinions )〕 Most state issued driver handbooks either instruct or mention the ACDA rule as required care or safe practice. Many states have further passed statutes which require their courts to more inflexibly weigh the ACDA in their determination of reasonable speed or behavior. Such statutes do so in part by designating ACDA violations as a citable driving offense, thus burdening an offending driver to rebut a presumption of negligence. States with such explicit ACDA standard of care provisions include: Iowa,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Code § 321.285 Speed restrictions. )〕 Michigan,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=§ 257.627 Speed limitations )〕 Ohio,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Revised Code § 4511.21(A) Speed limits - assured clear distance )〕 Oklahoma,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=§ 47-11-801 )〕 and Pennsylvania.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3361. Driving vehicle at safe speed )〕 States which apply the principle by statute to watercraft on navigable waterways include: Montana,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=§ 23-2-523(4). Prohibited operation and mooring -- enforcement )〕 Florida,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Boating Safety )〕 Louisiana,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Louisiana Laws - RS 34:851.4 — Careless operation )〕 and West Virginia. Explicit ACDA statutes, especially those of which create a citable driving offense, are aimed at preventing harm that could result from potentially negligent behavior—whereas the slightly more obscure common law ACDA doctrine is most easily invoked to remedy actual damages that have already occurred as a result of such negligence. Explicit and implicit ACDA rules govern millions of North American drivers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Assured Clear Distance Ahead」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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